How Did Manifest Destiny Manifest Itself - 1876 Words

How did Manifest Destiny manifest itself? Manifest Destiny manifested itself in several ways during the period 1840-1896. Almost every major crisis or notable event was somehow related to manifest destiny. To understand the meaning of Manifest Destiny, we need to go back to its origins. The term Manifest Destiny was first used by John O ´Sullivan in July-August 1845, in the Democratic review; â€Å"our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions† O ´Sullivan said this while asking Congress for the annexation of Texas. The annexation followed quickly after but O ´Sullivan ´s use of sentence was barely noticed. Later in 1845, O ´Sullivan reused the phrase but†¦show more content†¦The gold rush lasted from 1848 to 1855 and it was a huge boom for California. Manifest Destiny developed in a completely different idea during that period. The WASP ´s were actively looking for gold and they tried to prevent the minorities from finding any expensive resources. The Whites also benefited from the treaty of Govt. While the whites found minerals, the water of the Native Americans was poisoned and not clean so therefore they suffered from disease and sometimes-even death . Native Americans also died of smallpox and other rear diseases At the start of Manifest Destiny, less then 20,000 people lived in California. By 1855, there were over 300,000 gold seekers. Because of this massive increase, anti-foreigner laws were passed. Racist ideas were passed on in generations and the tax for immigrants got increased so that they would move out of America. Manifest Destiny was again used as an excuse for white supremacy. Sometimes, the government just took land and said that God told them to. After a few years, California became its own state when all the Native Americans were gone. People, which were pro- slavery, argued that manifest destiny allowed them to bring their slaves into the new land. In their point of view, they helped the slaves because they gave them food and a few supplies but in fact the slaves were treated badly and it wasn ´t right to do it. Before the Mexican war, there had been 15Show MoreRelatedThere Were Different Researches Done To Show What Caused1059 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica and others say Mexico themselves. There has been some insight by Ramà ³n Eduardo Ruiz, David J. Weber, Rodolfo Acuà ±a, and Walter Nugent. From Ramà ³n Eduardo Ruiz’s article, there are mentions of the Manifest Destiny. Manifest Destiny played a role in the New World and in Mexico. In â€Å"’From Hell Itself’ The Americanization of Mexico’s Frontier† by David J. Weber, talks about the issues within Mexico that caused them to lose so much of their territory. From Rodolfo Acuà ±a in â€Å"Legacy of Hate: The ConquestRead MoreAp American History - by: Alberto Alonso937 Words   |  4 Pageswere some of the rejections of the people. But the one thing the people did not like during this time period was the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War. â€Å"The opponents of the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War attacked slavery as the root cause for expansion.† However, slavery was not the only reason America sought for expansion. Other than slavery, people wanted to expand America because they believed in Manifest Destiny (an idea during the 19th century in which people believed that AmericaRead MoreManifest Destiny By James K. Polk1257 Words   |  6 PagesJack Biernesser Mr. Schulten U.S. History 16 March 2016 Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny is the belief during the 19th century, that the United States of America not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped to fuel the war with Mexico and the removal of Indians from the United States. The American people and government lived by this belief. Manifest Destiny had many good results like the expansion of the American territory. It also had manyRead MoreManifest Destiny : Manifest Identity878 Words   |  4 PagesPrincee Thakkar 1001051938 Professor- Dr. Goral. MANIFEST DESTINY Manifest Destiny was basically the belief Americans had to extend its systems of democracy, federalism, and personal freedom, as well as to accommodate its rapidly growing population by ultimately taking possession of the entire North American continent. My interpretation remains diplomatic. Since Manifest Destiny was always a general notion than a specific policy. It had helped the Native Americans to expand their land and the AmericanRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay Outline1251 Words   |  6 Pages12/25/17 Manifest Destiny The belief in Manifest Destiny, that settlers were destined to expand across North America, was held by most Americans. At the same time the belief came about, debates in Washington were going on about the future of America. While many debates were held in Washington, there was also a lot of conflicts in states like Kansas and Nebraska. Both the debates in Washington regarding the westward expansion of the new nation and the laws by which it should govern itself, as wellRead MoreThe Manifest Destiny Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesfull swing by the 1840s. Which evidenced that the continued expansion of the states was an issue and the idea of a Manifest Destiny was of major importance. John L. O’Sullivan once stated, â€Å"Our Manifest Destiny is to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions† (America: A Narrative History). The idea of a Manifest Destiny originated in the 1840s by the Anglo-Saxon Colonists to expand their ideal civilization and institutions across NorthRead MoreNative America, Discovered and Conquered: Manifest Destiny803 Words   |  4 PagesTerritory and the prospects of future land acquisition, Americans used the idea of Manifest Destiny to justify their actions for moving westward and their treatment of Native Americans. The idea of Manifest Destiny was created directly by the European-used Doctrine of Discovery and industrialization; this direct correlation was proven to be true from the verdict of the court case Johnson v. M’Intosh. The term â€Å"Manifest Destiny† was never actually used until 1845, but the idea was always implied from theRead MoreThe United States Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as Manifest Destiny. Over the five decades that Manifest Destiny lasted politics and the government changed along with the geographic face of the United States while the country expand to cover most of North America. Of these political changes, the death of the Federalists, birth of the Whigs and reformation of the Democratic party were among the most prominent. However an underlying conflict began to progress with each new purchase and acquisition of territory. Manifest Destiny led to multipleRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny Westward expansion was a key component that shaped the United States not only geographically, but economically as well. The first sign of any expansion West from the original states was when Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The country was in need of new land in order to accommodate for the expanding population. Once the country started to expand, its power soon followed. The nation had a struggle with expanding because of the Native AmericansRead MoreEssay on America Has Been A World Power1040 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;America has been a world power for as long as anyone can remember. But how did it become what it is today? Through decades of racism and greed! Our country is one of the most racist country’s there has ever been! But without it America would be nothing like it is today. Slavery made America and racism made it grow. America has proven itself to be a selfish, greedy, and racist country. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 1840s were years of extraordinary territorial

Prometheus Unbound Free Essays

In examining Asia’s speech, appearing in Act 2 of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘Prometheus Unbound,’ it is evident that Shelley utilised a vast range of themes to create such a unique piece. Overall, the play draws chiefly from areas such as Philosophy, Romanticism, Mythology, Music and Religion (Rossetti). However, the play itself could not have been created without Shelley’s reading of Aeschylus’s play, â€Å"Prometheus Bound† (McDonald). We will write a custom essay sample on Prometheus Unbound or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this sense, the play is very much an appropriation of and sequel to the original. With the above matters combined, Shelley created a work that is conceptually complex, providing the foundations for a challenging yet dramatic play that â€Å"paradoxically performs itself inside the mind of the reader† (Quillin). Asia’s speech in Act 2 reveals Prometheus as fundamentally, the first humanitarian. As such, Prometheus is known as the liberator of humanity and referred to as the â€Å"culture bringer† (Greenblatt 821). Symbolically, Rossetti affirms, â€Å"The unbinding of Prometheus is the unbinding of the human mind† (28). In addition, Rossetti suggests the cave that retains Prometheus â€Å"†¦is the cavern of the human mind- the recesses of creative and contemplative thought, vocal with human sympathy, fertile of human enlightenment and elevation† (31). Therefore, Shelley’s ideas signify Romanticism, as his writing insinuates when individuals attain freedom, the power of their imagination is unlocked (Quillin). This can be seen in the â€Å"Prometheus saw, and waked the legioned hopes Which sleep within folded Elysian flowers, Nepenthe, Moly, Amaranth, fadeless blooms; That they might hide with thin and rainbow wings The shape of death; and Love he sent to bind The disunited tendrils of that vine† â€Å"Prometheus saw, and waked the legioned hopes Which sleep within folded Elysian flowers, Nepenthe, Moly, Amaranth, fadeless blooms; That they might hide with thin and rainbow wings The shape of death; and Love he sent to bind The disunited tendrils of that vine† subsequent fragments of Asia’s speech. First and foremost, Asia’s speech is one of unrhymed rhythm and abundant of religious connotations depicting parallels between Greek mythology and Christianity (Quillin). The word ‘Elysian’ refers to Greek mythology and the paradise to which heroes on whom the gods deliberated immortality were sent (Encyclop? ia Britannica). The word ‘hope’ is personified as it is ‘woken’. The awakening of ‘legioned hopes’ may also signify the mass of humanity, in the sense they have been transitorily paralysed by Jupiter’s wrath. It also provides parallels to purgatory, as the forced temporary suffering upon human kind occurs for an unspecified period of time (Padgett). The heavenly flowers act as strength to Prometheus. With Prometheus’ epiphany that love is the answer, the ‘binding’ of the ‘disunited tendrils’ symbolises Prometheus’ realisation that he can be reunited with his wife. The ‘vine’ may also symbolise the chains that bound Prometheus to the cliff. In addition, metaphorically, the vine could represent the almighty strength of a vine in comparison to Prometheus and Asia’s undying love. Rossetti expands this notion, by stating Prometheus and Asia may be regarded as the â€Å"union of the mind and body, or mind and â€Å"Which bears the wine of life, the human heart; And he tamed fire which, like some beast of prey, Most terrible, but lovely, played beneath The frown of man, and tortured to his will Iron and gold, the slaves and signs of power, And gems and poisons, and all subtlest forms, Hidden beneath the mountains and the waves. † â€Å"Which bears the wine of life, the human heart; And he tamed fire which, like some beast of prey, Most terrible, but lovely, played beneath The frown of man, and tortured to his will Iron and gold, the slaves and signs of power, And gems and poisons, and all subtlest forms, Hidden beneath the mountains and the waves. † beauty, or intellectual and emotional/loving elements in the human soul† (32). The first line alludes to the greatest gift in life and predominant theme in Prometheus Unbound; love. Love aids the strength and power in Prometheus’ defeat of Jupiter. Evidently, ‘The frown of man’ refers to Jupiter, the chief of Gods who initiated the binding of Prometheus (Magill). After the annulment of Jupiter’s curse upon Prometheus, the play suggests if human kind decides to embrace love, freedom and reject all evil, then the reforming of humanity should occur (Padgett). Thus, the poem is contradictory to Shelley’s statement in the preface stating that â€Å"Didactic poetry is my abhorrence† (Greenblatt 797) as it essentially teaches morality. Once more, the play provides a parallel to Christianity, in the sense that the characters ‘Prometheus’ can be compared to Christ and ‘Jupiter’ to Satan (Padgett). As pointed out, Shelley’s philosophical roots are strongly embedded throughout the play. With this is mind, it is clear that Shelley utilised Aristotle’s theory of the four basic constituents of matter; earth, water, air and fire as a thematic element within the play (Fowler). Thus, words such as ‘fire’ and ‘forms’, refer to Shelley’s cosmic approach to symbols represented throughout the play (Padgett). This distinctive style of imagery enabled Shelley to thoroughly capture the readers’ imagination, as his writing suggests imagery â€Å"He gave man speech, and speech created thought, Which is the measure of the Universe; And Science struck the thrones of Earth and Heaven Which shook, but fell not; and the harmonious mind Poured itself forth in all-prophetic song, And music lifted up the listening spirit Until it walked, exempt from mortal care, Godlike, o’er the clear billows of sweet sound; And human hands first mimicked and then mocked With moulded limbs more lovely than its own The human form, till marble grew divine, And mothers, gazing, drank the love men see Reflected in their race, behold, and perish. † â€Å"He gave man speech, and speech created thought, Which is the measure of the Universe; And Science struck the thrones of Earth and Heaven Which shook, but fell not; and the harmonious mind Poured itself forth in all-prophetic song, And music lifted up the listening spirit Until it walked, exempt from mortal care, Godlike, o’er the clear billows of sweet sound; And human hands first mimicked and then mocked With moulded limbs more lovely than its own The human form, till marble grew divine, And mothers, gazing, drank the love men see Reflected in their race, behold, and perish. † that can be conceived various ways simultaneously (Padgett). The final section of Asia’s speech further glorifies Prometheus and the birth of liberation for human kind. It also typifies the premise of the entire drama; Prometheus is acknowledged as â€Å"the culture bringer† (Greenblatt 821). Meaning, he has given human kind the power of intellectual ability, made up of the creative arts and sciences, thus, liberating human kind. This is evident as â€Å"He gave man speech, and speech created thought, which is the measure of the universe†. This line highlights what Prometheus has achieved for the human race. Proving his suffering was not in vain, Rossetti states it has provided intellectual freedom for the rest of society (31). Furthermore, the line; â€Å"music lifted up the listening spirit† reiterates Prometheus’ liberation of human kind. From this, it is clear that Shelley adopts musical themes in his poetry when language no longer proves to be an effective mode of aestheticism (Quillin). Overall, Shelley produces a dramatic piece addressing his revolutionary ideals by combining music and dialogue, which ironically performs itself in the mind of the reader (Quillin). In Conclusion, Percy Bysshe Shelley’s ‘Prometheus Unbound’ was conceptually inspired by a plethora of key factors. Throughout ‘Prometheus Unbound’, it is evident that Shelley’s approach to imagery stems profoundly from his interest in Philosophy, Romanticism, Mythology, Music, Religion and most importantly, the appropriation of and sequel to Aeschylus’s play, â€Å"Prometheus Bound† (McDonald). These key elements have enabled a multifaceted approach to Shelley’s’ writing, formulating the dramatic shape of the play as a whole. Works Cited â€Å"Elysium†. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Encyclop? dia Britannica Online. Encyclop? dia Britannica Inc. , 2013. Web. 11 Mar. 2013. ;http://www. britannica. om/EBchecked/topic/185418/Elysium; Fowler, Micahel. â€Å"Aristotle. †Ã‚  Beginnings of Science and Philosophy in Athens. N. p. , 9  Feb. 2008. Web. 11  Mar. 2013. ;http://galileoandeinstein. physics. virginia. edu/lectures/aristot2. html;. Greenblatt, Stephen, Ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 9th  Ed. New York, United States: W. W Norton ; Company, Inc. ,  2012. Print. Magill, Frank. â€Å"Prometheus Unbound. † Magill Book Reviews,  2011. Web. 10  Mar. 2013. ;http://www. enotes. com/prometheus-unbound-salem/prometheus-unbound-0089900364;. McDonald, Marianne. â€Å"Aeschylus’ Prometheus Bound.   Osher Lifelong Learning Institute – UC San Diego Extension. N. p. ,  2008. Web. 10  Mar. 2013. http://olli. ucsd. edu/documents/aeschylus. pdf. Padgett, John B. â€Å"The Imaginary Ideal: Prometheus Unbound. †Ã‚  Shelley, Dante, and Romantic Irony. N. p. ,  1995. Web. 11  Mar. 2013. http://www. mcsr. olemiss. edu/~egjbp/thesis/chapter2. html. Quillin, Jessica K. â€Å"An assiduous frequenter of the Italian opera: Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound and the opera buffa. †Ã‚  Romantic Circles. University of Maryland, 15  Mar. 2005. Web. 10  Mar. 2013. http://www. rc. umd. edu/praxis/opera/quillin/quillin. html. How to cite Prometheus Unbound, Papers

Putting the People Component of the Business Entity

Question: Discuss about the Report for Putting the People Component of the Business Entity. Answer: 1. The income statement for Bonza Handtools Ltd. for the last twelve months is presented below: Particulars Amount in $ Sales 20000 units Selling price per unit 130 Revenue 26,00,000 Variable Manufacturing cost per unit 50 Variable Manufacturing cost 10,00,000 Fixed manufacturing costs 4,00,000 Variable selling administrative cost per unit 30 Variable selling administrative cost 6,00,000 Fixed selling administrative cost 3,00,000 Total operating cost 23,00,000 Operating income 3,00,000 Operating profit margin 11.5% The management wants to increase the profitability of the product, and for the purpose it is considering three alternatives to increase the profitability. The profitability of each of the alternative along with their analysis is presented below: Alternative 1 Increase selling price by $10 with an increased advertising expenditure of $125000 so that sales do not drop. Particulars Amount in $ Sales 20000 units Selling price per unit 140 Revenue 28,00,000 Variable Manufacturing cost per unit 50 Variable Manufacturing cost 10,00,000 Fixed manufacturing costs 4,00,000 Variable selling administrative cost per unit 30 Variable selling administrative cost 6,00,000 Fixed selling administrative cost 4,25,000 Total operating cost 2425,000 Operating income 3,75,000 Operating profit margin 13.4% The above increase in selling price has increased the operating profit margin by almost 2%. However, an increase in price of a product without any corresponding addition to the features or quality of the product may not work for the company, as the customer will not be willing to pay extra. Even though the company will increase its advertising expenditure which may attract some new customers but the existing sales is bound to come down with an increase in price. It is very difficult to garner new customers with an increased price because demand has the highest elasticity with price and with an increase in price; the demand is going to go down. Moreover, the advertising campaign is a national advertising and not directed towards the targeted audience, hence the results of the campaign might not be favourable. Alternative 2 Improving the quality of the product and additional advertising campaign expenses of $50000 to increase the volume of sales. An increase in variable cost by $5 per unit in order to improve sales. Particulars Amount in $ Sales 25000 units Selling price per unit 130 Revenue 32,50,000 Variable Manufacturing cost per unit 55 Variable Manufacturing cost 13,75,000 Fixed manufacturing costs 4,00,000 Variable selling administrative cost per unit 30 Variable selling administrative cost 7,50,000 Fixed selling administrative cost 3,50,000 Total operating cost 23,00,000 Operating income 3,75,000 Operating profit margin 11.5% The above proposal does not offer any increase in the profit margins. It is the same as last year. Even though the assumptions of this alternative are more realistic than the previous one, however this alternative offers no added advantage. An improvement in product quality without any corresponding increase in price is bound to increase the sales volume and an advertising campaign targeted at the home renovators and trade people will definitely lead to an increase in sales volume as they would be aware of the quality improvement and hence would demand more drills. The management expects the sales volume to increase by 25%, however if we consider a variation of 10% in the sales volume and expect the volume to increase by 27.5% instead of 25%, the expected operating margin would be 10.5%. Alternative 3 A rebate of $10 offered on drills sold for the first three months with an advertising cost of $40000. Particulars Amount in $ Sales 10000 units Selling price per unit 120 Revenue 12,00,000 Variable Manufacturing cost per unit 50 Variable Manufacturing cost 5,00,000 Variable selling administrative cost per unit 30 Variable selling administrative cost 3,00,000 Total variable cost 8,00,000 Particulars Amount in $ Sales 14000 units Selling price per unit 130 Revenue 18,20,000 Variable Manufacturing cost per unit 50 Variable Manufacturing cost 7,00,000 Variable selling administrative cost per unit 30 Variable selling administrative cost 4,20,000 Total variable cost 11,20,000 Particulars Amount in $ Total revenue 30,20,000 Total variable cost 19,20,000 Fixed manufacturing costs 4,00,000 Fixed selling administrative cost 3,40,000 Total operating cost 26,60,000 Operating income 3,60,000 Operating profit margin 11.92% From the above table, we see that the operating profit margin has increase by 0.4% to 11.92% in the last alternative. The assumptions of the suggestion are also realistic because it offers a discount of $10 to its customers along with an advertising campaign which is bound to increase the volume of sales because as mentioned earlier demand is the most elastic to price, hence a discount will lead to increase in sales. Moreover, the company offers rebate only for a limited period, and still it is able to increase its profits. Since volume increase is only an estimate, hence if we consider a variation of 10% in the increase in sales. Currently sales have increased by 4000 units in first three months, which is 66.7% increase from 6000. A variation of 10% would mean increase in sale by 60%. Hence new sale volume would be 9600 units instead of 10000 units. The resulting change would be operating profit margin of 11.57% which is still higher than the other proposals. Recommendation On the basis of the above analysis, it is recommended that the company should go ahead for the third alternative of giving a rebate of $10 in the first three months as it has the highest operating profit margin even after considering the variation of 10% in sales volume; it has the highest profit margin. 2. The budgeted income statement for Tassie Company is as follows: Particulars Per unit in $ Amount in $ Sales units 150000 Selling price 15 22,50,000 Direct Material 2.5 3,75,000 Direct Labour 3 4,50,000 Variable factory overhead 1.5 2,25,000 Fixed factory overhead 2 3,00,000 Variable selling and administrative cost 2 3,00,000 Fixed selling and administrative cost 1.5 2,25,000 Total cost 18,75,000 Operating income 3,75,000 Profit margin 16.67% a) Bid for supply of additional 40000 units to the government when the capacity is 200000 units per year The total production including the government supply will be 190000 units, so the factory can produce additional 40000 units. Variable costs additional 40000 units Particulars Per unit in $ Amount in $ Direct Material 2.5 1,00,000 Direct Labour 3 1,20,000 Variable factory overhead 1.5 60,000 The Income Statement for total 190000 units Particulars Per unit in $ Amount in $ Sales units 190000 Selling price 15 28,50,000 Direct Material 2.5 4,75,000 Direct Labour 3 5,70,000 Variable factory overhead 1.5 2,85,000 Fixed factory overhead 2 3,00,000 Variable selling and administrative cost 2 3,00,000 Fixed selling and administrative cost 1.5 2,25,000 Total cost 21,55,000 Operating income 6,95,000 Profit margin 24.4% The company will bid for 40000 units. b) When the production capacity is 180000 units per year. Even when the production capacity is 180000 units per year, the company will bid for additional 40000 units because the government bid is profitable in the sense that there is no variable selling and administrative costs and no additional fixed expenses are employed. Hence the total costs get reduced. Hence, the company will produce 180000 units but will supply 40000 units to the government and the remaining 140000 units will be sold in the market. The income statement for 180000 units sales is presented below: Particulars Per unit in $ 140000 units ($) 40000 units ($) Total in $ Revenue 15 21,00,000 6,00,000 27,00,000 Direct Material 2.5 3,50,000 1,00,000 4,50,000 Direct Labour 3 4,20,000 1,20,000 5,40,000 Variable factory overhead 1.5 2,10,000 60,000 2,70,000 Fixed factory overhead 2 3,00,000 3,00,000 Variable selling and administrative cost 2 2,80,000 0 2,80,000 Fixed selling and administrative cost 1.5 2,25,000 2,25,000 Total cost 17,85,000 2,80,000 20,65,000 Operating income 3,15,000 3,20,000 6,35,000 Profit margin 23.5% Here we see that even though the company is producing only 180000 units, however, it is making a profit margin of 23.5% as government supply with lower costs has helped in increasing the profit margin. Hence the bid would be for 40000 units. 3. An item is regarded as an asset it has been purchased by the company for a monetary value which can be measured and the asset provides economic benefits in the future. Salary cannot be regarded as an asset on the balance sheet because the employees are not owned by the company and they have not been purchased. (Otter, NA). Salary is the amount paid by the company to the employees for their services in the reporting period. An asset gives future benefits while a salary is recorded for the current services. Also purchase of an asset involves a transaction whereas no transaction is involved in hiring an employee. (Back, 2010) Depreciation is the decrease in value of an asset over the years. The total depreciation till date is called accumulated depreciation. Depreciation cannot be regarded as an asset because it is a contra asset that is reported in the balance sheet as a reduction from total assets. Since depreciation does not provide any economic benefits, it is not an asset. Also depreciation cannot be purchased or sold; rather the machine on which the depreciation is applied is purchased or sold. 4. Overhead allocation rate for the labour intensive process Allocation rate = total overheads / total budgeted labour hours = $98,400 / 25795 = $3.8 Total costs of special order of 350 trailers Amount in $ Direct material (2100kg@$16.1 per kg) 33810 Direct labour of 1400 hours @12.7 17780.2 Machine hours of 525 hours @12.7 6667.6 Indirect costs (3.8*350) 1335.1 Total cost 59592.9 Working notes Direct labour and machine hours cost has been calculated by the budgeted direct labour rate as the process is labour intensive which is $3,27,600 / 25,795 hours = $12.7 Overhead allocation rate on the basis of machine hours = 98400 / 9840 = $10 Total costs of special order of 350 trailers Amount in $ Direct material (2100kg@$16.1 per kg) 33810 Direct labour of 1400 hours @12.7 17780.2 Machine hours of 525 hours @12.7 6667.6 Indirect costs (10*350) 3500 Total cost 61757.8 Minimum price per trailer The minimum price per trailer would be the total cost per unit of the trailer. Since the overhead costs have been calculated using labour and machine hours as the allocation base, we see the total cost per unit by both methods: Labour hours allocation base minimum price = 59592.7 / 350 = $170.26 Machine hours allocation base minimum price = 61757.5 / 350 = $176.45 Segmented overhead cost pools are different cost pools created for various category of overheads and the cost is allocated to the products using a different overhead rate for each cost pool. An extension to above allocation is called activity based costing. ABC costing has two steps, first being identification of different cost drivers which have lead to the arising of the cost. Some of these activities include assembly, packaging, labelling, transport etc. once the cost drivers are identified, an overhead rate for each cost driver is determined using the total cost and usage of the activity. Now on the basis of the use of activity by each product, the overhead costs are assigned to the products. For example, a product uses 200 machine hours on assembly which has a overhead rate of $5 whereas it uses only 50 labour hours on packaging which has a overhead rate of $20, the product will have a total lower overhead costs as compared to a product which uses 50 machine hours on assembly an d 100 labour hours of packaging will have a higher overhead costs. Thus, ABC ensures overheads are allocated to the products on the basis of usage of the activity. (CIMA, 2008) References Otter, J. (NA), Putting the People Component of the Business Entity on the Balance Sheet, Department of Applied Accountancy, University of South Africa Back, L., (2010), The Most Important Assets are not on the Balance Sheet, accessed online on 13th September, 2016, available at https://www.triplepundit.com/2010/09/the-most-important-assets-are-not-on-the-balance-sheet/ CIMA, (2008), Activity Based Costing, Topic Gateway Series No. 1, accessed online on 13th September, 2016, available at, https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/cid_tg_activity_based_costing_nov08.pdf.pdf