The Individual with a Strong Will Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

The Individual with a Strong Will - Essay Example I am a person with a solid will, and this is delineated through the different difficulties I have confronted, and the way wherein I had the option to conquer these difficulties. For example, in one given time, I was extremely wiped out, analyzed by Pneumonia. The specialists gave me a few solutions, and at first I was hesitant to take these medications. This is a direct result of the fear that I had, as to the utilization of medication. In any case, in light of my will to recover, I constrained myself to take the meds, without direction from the attendant, or even my folks. This was an extraordinary astonishment to my folks, who were anticipating a battle, when it came to persuading me, to take the medication.â â â â â â â â My solid will and extraordinary confidence are additionally found in my craving to accomplish the most noteworthy degree in business and become a powerful business character. For instance, my enthusiasm for business started in the wake of considering the accomplishments of Warren Buffet, one of the most extravagant and effective business characters on the planet. I discovered that to succeed, an individual needs to face a few challenges throughout everyday life. Consequently, I set aside some cash and chose to put resources into the securities exchange. Because of my freshness, I put the cash in the portions of Noble Energy. As a result of my naiveté, I felt that on the grounds that the organization works in the vitality business, at that point its offers will be on an expansion. Notwithstanding, this was not the situation, and this is a direct result of the falling costs of oil (Yetiv, 56). This has made the offer cost of the organization to fall. This is from 50 dollars an offer, to roughly 48 dollars for every offer. Be that as it may, it ought to be noticed that the offer costs of the organization used to sell at 70 dollars share, as of the year 2014 (Yetiv, 14). Since I am an idealistic individual, and I accept that over the long haul, the costs of oil will balance out, and the offer costs of Noble Energy will start to rise. Along these lines, I am as yet hanging on my offers, and I don't have an aim of selling them.

The Air Pollution Report

Air contamination is a significant issue confronting our condition today. This issue is destructive to each and every living animal on this planet. How might we limit the reasons for air contamination? There are mechanical just as private reasons for air contamination. How might we limit the impacts of air contamination? We as a whole realize it influences the earth, yet do we as a whole realize it additionally can influence us straightforwardly? How might we control air contamination? Is the legislature carrying out its responsibility to secure us? Air contamination can be characterized as debasement of the air. Air contamination is surrounding us. It probably won't be as obviously noticeable in certain territories as others however the truth of the matter is that air contamination is still there influencing us somehow or another, shape, or structure. It has been known to cause sickness as well as death. Numerous individuals don't know about this. There are two primary driver of air contamination. One of the fundamental driver is characteristic contamination. â€Å"Natural contamination is windblown residue, dust, mist, and so on † The other primary driver is individuals contamination. â€Å"People contamination is the main concern and most genuine structure. The vast majority of individuals contamination is brought about by industry, vehicles, trucks, and planes. † The reasons for air contamination continue endlessly. There are private causes and mechanical causes. Private causes are those, for example, vehicle discharges and backwoods fires. Modern causes are those, for example, manufacturing plant outflows and the consuming of petroleum products. One private reason is the outflows of vehicles. This is presumably the most unsafe reason, in any event in the United States of America it is. Individuals drive autos consistently to get from guide A toward point B. On the off chance that vehicles didn't exist, the air would in all probability be cleaner however we would not have the option to travel significant distances in brief periods. Regardless, the issue remains that vehicle discharges are destructive to the earth. This is the way they produce vehicle emanations into the environment. Engine vehicle emanations are created in a few unique manners and areas during motor/vehicle activity. The most significant sources are, obviously, those created in ignition and vented through the fumes pipe. These fumes gases comprise chiefly of unburned HCs, CO, and NOx and record for around 90-92% of all vehicle emanations. A few results of ignition are not vented through the fumes framework, as they sneak past the cylinder rings and the chamber dividers. These â€Å"blowby† gases comprise mostly of unburned HCs that amass in the crankcase exhaust port. A third wellspring of discharges is the votalization of HCs through the carburetor and fuel tank vents. Carburetor discharges are articulated during the â€Å"hot soak† period quickly following vehicle activity. Woods fires brought about by the indiscretion of people places hurtful smoke into the earth. These timberland fires don't occur regularly, yet when they do, there is mass devastation caused to the climate. In the mid 1950's, backwoods fires in the Southeastern United States secured tremendous regions of the nation with smoke so thick that flights were dropped in New York City. Chlorofluorocarbons or CFC's were created by physicists at General Motors in 1928. At the point when they were created, they were viewed as â€Å"miracle† gases that could be securely utilized for some reasons. They were not harmful. They were not cancer-causing agents. They didn't consume the materials with which they came in contact. Nor were they combustible. At long last they could be made effectively and modestly. Throughout the years these CFC's have been made to fill numerous needs from cooler coolants to fly streams in airborne jars and polystyrene material to forced air systems. At the point when individuals don't appropriately discard CFC's, they could escape into the climate, making an opening in the ozone layer. Air contamination was first acknowledged as a significant issue during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. Mechanical contamination is particles (particularly of metal tidies) and waste gases (particularly carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides) that are squander results of industry and end open to question. Mechanical outflows are the second biggest toxins of the environment after car debilitates. † Industries that are the significant toxins incorporate oil refining, metal purifying, iron and take plants, grain factories, and the flour taking care of industry. The most widely recognized compound natured production line poison is methylene chloride. The consuming of petroleum products is a significant reason for air contamination. Petroleum products are framed from the remaining parts of old plant and creature life, for example, coal and flammable gas. In the event that total burning of petroleum products was conceivable, it would just deliver heat vitality, water fume, and carbon dioxide. Notwithstanding, since this impractical in light of the fact that the degree of oxygen is rarely perfect, carbon monoxide structures. The incombustible material enters the climate as smoke, residue, ash, and particles of delay (tar-like) hydrocarbon substances. Limited quantities of mineral and metal polluting influences are discharged into the air as fly debris. Sulfurous pollutions produce sulfur oxides, particularly sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide joins with water noticeable all around to frame sulfuric corrosive, the biggest part of corrosive downpour. † Air contamination, as like some other contamination, is unsafe to nature. In contrast to different contaminations however, air contamination isn't constantly obvious in the earth. Air contamination is the reason for corrosive downpour, exhaust cloud, and the opening in the ozone layer. Corrosive downpour harms living creatures and materials. Statement from acids, for example, sulfuric corrosive and nitric corrosive and blends in with the downpour and goes into the dirt and waterways. This is generally normal in the Northeastern United States, where petroleum derivative consuming is profoundly thought. â€Å"Acid downpour is slaughtering more than lakes. It can scar the departs of hardwood backwoods, wilt plants and lichens, quicken the demise of coniferous needles, disinfect seeds, and debilitate the woodlands to malady, pervasion, and rot. Beneath the surface, the corrosive kills synthetic substances for plant development, takes others from the dirt and conveys them to the lakes and truly hinders the breath of the dirt. † From this you can see that natural harm is generally articulated in woods and lakes. In waterways, corrosive stun, brought about by overflow of profoundly acidic water into lakes and streams when snow melts can significantly influence fish and other amphibian life. It additionally influences ranchers. Vegetation may show harm through blanching and spotting on leaves. In urban territories corrosive downpour stains and accelerates the disintegration of marble, concrete, memorable landmarks, and sculptures. At the point when presented to corrosive downpour, steel consumes two to multiple times quicker in urban and modern territories than in provincial regions. Ash and coarseness stored by corrosive downpour onto structures, vehicles, and garments brings about these materials waiting be cleaned and reestablished. In the United States alone, corrosive downpour causes billions of dollars harm to materials. Brown haze is grimy haze. â€Å"Smog is a kind of ‘atmospheric soup' of contaminations concocted by the activity of daylight. This thick, earthy colored dimness is made of air contaminated via car fumes exhaust, smoke, and mist concentrates. † Smog contains chlorinated and natural phosphates that get released into the air from blowing ranch particles, overwhelming metals, and dissipating corrosive. These synthetic compounds make the brown haze significantly more poisonous than a great many people think. Brown haze is created when climate conditions are in the mid-eighties and there is little wind. In this way, exhaust cloud doesn't influence all pieces of the world. It is generally regular in a city, for example, Los Angeles where these climate conditions exist. Ozone consumption is viewed as a difficult that up till now, we can not fix. Air contamination has caused this opening in the ozone layer. The ozone layer assimilates 99% of the sun's unsafe vitality. It keeps bright radiation from arriving at the Earth's surface and the troposphere. It shields people from burn from the sun, skin and eye malignancy, and waterfalls. It likewise forestalls a significant part of the oxygen in the troposphere from being changed over to ozone (gas). In the mid-seventies scientific experts F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario J. Malian found â€Å"CFC's were making a worldwide synthetic time bomb by bringing down the normal grouping of ozone in the stratosphere. † as such, the CFC's were and are making an opening in the ozone layer. For whatever length of time that we continue utilizing these CFC's the gap is going to keep on becoming more extensive and more extensive. Consequences for the Health of Living Organisms Air contamination is perilous to our wellbeing. It can jeopardize the soundness of living creatures in a few different ways. One way, is by presenting particulate issue and noxious gases into the respiratory frameworks of people, creatures, and plant leaves. Another path is by expanding the sharpness of precipitation, which changes the science of soil and water. One all the more way, is that it connects with compound responses in the air that expansion the introduction of living life forms to unsafe radiation. One more way that it influences living beings is by changing comprehensively, the sythesis and at last the temperature of the climate and hence delivering conditions that compromise the endurance of living life forms. In people air contamination particularly influences our respiratory framework. Our respiratory framework has various defensive systems worked to secure against introduction to air contamination. Hairs in the nose sift through enormous particles. The bodily fluid coating in the upper respiratory tract helps catch and break down littler particles and vaporous toxins. Wheezing and hacking assists with expelling debased air and bodily fluid when the respiratory framework is presented to contaminations. Long haul introduction to tobacco smoke and other air contaminations can demolish the characteristic barriers, bringing about respiratory conditions, for example, hypersensitive responses like asthma, and infections, for example, lung disease, emphysema, or ceaseless bronchitis. Air contamination can likewise cause other medical issues. It can cause extraordinary unfavorably susceptible responses. It likewise can cause he

Behaviors of Job Interview Etiquette that Make You Stand Out

Behaviors of Job Interview Etiquette that Make You Stand Out It is so easy to understand why many people count a job interview as one of the more terrifying and nerve-wracking experiences that one may go through during adulthood. Jobseekers cannot help but feel that, once they are inside the room where the interview will take place, they are under close scrutiny and laid open to being judged by a complete stranger, who is armed with information about him written down on a resume.Clearly, this creates a situation where jobseekers become anxious and distracted during the interview. In a survey of chief financial officers, it was revealed that the interview is the stage during the entire recruitment process where the jobseekers are most likely to “slip up”. On paper, they are the most suitable candidate, but that impression changes once they are interviewed.If the success of an interview (and the eventual hiring of the candidate that was interviewed) rode solely on the answers given by the candidate, things would probably be a lot simpler.Tha t means the candidate need only focus on anticipating the questions that may be asked during the interview, and formulating answers that will prove to the interviewer that he is the best fit for the open position.However, that is not the case. The answers are only part of the whole picture, as seen from the eyes of the interviewer. He will be looking at the whole package, not just your qualifications, and your eloquence and confidence in answering questions and explaining yourself.He will also observe your body language, your personality quirks, how you carry yourself, and your overall behavior. © Shutterstock.com | ImilianIn this guide, we explore 1) what job interview etiquette is and 2) behaviors that will make you stand out in job interviews.JOB INTERVIEW ETIQUETTEYou can tell a lot about a person by the way he behaves under certain situations. If he behaves properly and is polite toward other people, he may be described as one having good manners, or one who practices good etiquette. Incidentally, for many people, observing good etiquette is also indicative of good breeding, which could be attributed to his upbringing and training.Etiquette, in general terms, is often defined as a code of “polite conduct and proper behavior”. It refers to the rules that indicate the “proper and polite way to behave” so as to avoid offending or annoying other people.We often hear of table manners, of office etiquette in the workplace, or of church etiquette when in places of worship. In the same way, etiquette should also be present during a job interview. In fact, it plays a ve ry important role, since it provides interviewers a glimpse of the personality of the candidate.So you want to get that job, and you think you are qualified for it? Then you have to impress the interviewer, not just with your skills, experience and other qualifications, as you stated in your resume, but with the overall package that is you.This has happened many times before, and still happening today. A recruiter is greatly impressed with the credentials of a candidate for an open position in the company. He has all the requisite skills and qualifications, and his level of experience puts him way ahead of the other candidates. You are so impressed that you are looking forward to the day of the interview, when you will get to meet him and talk to him in greater depth.On the day of the interview, the candidate walks through the door, and you do a double-take at the sight of an unsmiling man with unkempt hair and scruffy clothes confidently swaggering in, and plopping down unceremonio usly on the seat across the table. He takes out his phone and puts it on top of the table, then looks at you expectantly, clearly waiting for you to say something to start the interview. And wait, is he chewing gum…?As the interviewer, how would you feel? Most likely, you will be offended at this show of lack of courtesy, and you’re probably disappointed that someone with very good credentials turned out to be quite rude. Will you still consider him a front-runner for the open position? Probably not.In a job interview, you will basically be selling yourself. By practicing proper job interview etiquette, you will have greater chances of convincing the interviewer to “buy” you and what you have to offer. BEHAVIORS THAT WILL MAKE YOU STAND OUTShow up on time… not late, and not too early, either.Punctuality is a trait that many employers appreciate in their employees. It is indicative of the candidate’s consciousness when it comes to schedules, and his overall time managemen t skills. It is also one way of showing respect for the interviewer and his time. At the same time, you are demonstrating how serious and determined you are about getting this job.Common sense dictates that being late for the interview will work against you. If the interviewer is keeping score, he is likely to deduct points if you show up after the appointed time that you are supposed to appear. Worst case scenario, if five or ten minutes have passed and you still haven’t arrived, the interviewer may decide to cancel the interview altogether. When you come in, panting and short of breath, your shot at getting that job is already gone.Here’s the crazy part: did you know that being too early is also not a good idea? After all, being punctual means being “on time”, and not necessarily being early. Here’s why you should not be too early to arrive at a job interview.It will be deemed inconsiderate of you, showing up too early. When the interview was scheduled, you basically ent ered into an agreement to show up at the designated time and place. By showing up too early, you did not follow the terms of the agreement.There is enthusiasm and there is desperation. There is a difference. If showing up late may give the impression that you are not all that committed to applying for the job, showing up too early makes you look too eager and desperate.The long wait will take its toll on you. You may have arrived at the venue refreshed and energetic, but if you end up sitting for an hour, doing nothing, you may end up getting bored, weary and drained. This will not bode well when the interview actually starts.It puts unwanted pressure to the interviewer, or the people working in the office where the interview will take place. They are expecting you to show up at 10 in the morning, but then you showed up just before the clock struck 9. Needless to say, they are unprepared, so they won’t really know what to do with you. You run the risk of distracting them from what they are doing, so don’t be surprised if they get slightly annoyed.How early is too early? Consensus among experts is that you should be there 10 to 15 minutes before the scheduled start of the interview. This gives you just the right amount of time to relax, get your bearings together, and accustom yourself to the environment before you face the person who will interview you. This will also free the interviewer from the burden of having to entertain or accommodate you during the brief waiting time.If, despite everything, you still end up too early, you can kill time by taking a leisurely walk in the area, but not in the exact office or room where the interview will take place. If you drove to the venue, you can relax for a bit in your car, listening to music.Before entering the room, turn your cell phone off.Do not just put it on vibrate; turn the thing OFF. You may be concerned that you’ll get a very important call, or an emergency will come up somewhere else and you will be needed immediately. That worry is justified, to a certain extent. But you have to remember that this is a job interview, and you’d probably be one of the first to say that it is one of the most important interviews of your life, since it will be one of the major deciding factors of whether you will get a job or not.The moment that you arrived at the place where you will be interviewed, there should be nothing more important than the interview itself. Surely it won’t kill you to have your phone turned off for the 30 minutes to one hour that you will be interviewed?Remove any distractions that may wreak havoc with your concentration. You may argue that you will not be bothered by a vibrating phone in your purse or the inside pocket of your coat. But what about the interviewer? Even when a phone is on vibrate, it can still be heard, especially in a quiet room. The interviewer may get distracted, and this will make you look inconsiderate.Make eye contact, and show those pearly-white s.Shifty eyes, difficulty in meeting someone’s gaze… these are sure signs of discomfort and, at times, may be even misconstrued as suspicious behavior. If you’ve had trouble looking people in the eye in the past â€" especially if they are strangers you’ve never met before in your life â€" then it is time to learn doing that.In order to communicate, you have to be able to connect to the person you want to communicate with. In an interview, that connection may be initially established when you look the interviewer in the eye. By doing so, you are sending the message that you are fully aware why you are here, and that you are ready for the interview. Without words, you are telling them that you are someone that they can trust and rely on. Otherwise, you won’t be able to meet their eyes.And do not forget to smile. A smile will make you appear confident and approachable. It is also an effective tool to mask your nervousness. It is also effective in adding levity when the atmosp here becomes too grim.Be careful not to overdo it, however. You might end up engaging them in a staring contest, making them feel as though you are challenging and even antagonizing them. Smiling too much may also make you seem like you are pretending. Imagine being asked to talk about something serious and somber, and you’re still smiling. The interviewer may think there is something wrong with you.Be the one to greet first.You entered the room, and your eyes met that of the interviewer. You smiled, and he smiled back. An awkward silence followed, as if you are both waiting for the other to speak first.Take the initiative and be the first to say your greetings. You are supposed to impress during the interview, so you have to put your best foot forward from the beginning. Do not wait for the interviewer to greet you first. He might be testing you, seeing how you will start the ball rolling.Let the interviewer finish speaking before you do.It is basic manners to allow the other per son to finish what he is saying before you take your turn. The interviewer is the one with the power in the room, so let him take the lead.There may be times when you find the interviewer to be taking things too slow for your liking. You are very much tempted to interject while he is speaking, and you have to resist the urge to finish his sentences for him.Resist. Do not give in to the urge. First of all, cutting off the interviewer mid-speech will be seen as tactless and rude. Second, if the interviewer is asking a question and you cut him off before he could finish, it is possible that you will be answering the wrong question. Third, it is also possible that the interviewer is just using this as a ploy to test your patience, or see how you would handle the situation.Besides, it will be to your advantage to let him finish. You’ll have more time to formulate responses in your head. If he is relaxed or laid-back, take that as a cue to do the same. This will prevent you from ramblin g unnecessarily, as you will be able to choose your words carefully.Pay attention and take notes, if you must.It is the height of rudeness during the interview to ask the interviewer to repeat his question because you were too distracted to catch it the first time. This will only make you seem easily distracted and scatter-brained, and that’s not the impression that you want to give him.It is important to pay attention to everything the interviewer says so you can respond accordingly. He may even provide some information that you can use later on when formulating your answers to his succeeding questions.You may feel the need to take notes during the interview. Before you whip out your leather-bound notepad and pen, however, you should first ask the interviewer if it is all right for you to take down notes. If he allows it, take this opportunity to jot down important points that you may refer to later on, especially when you have questions of your own.If, on the other hand, the int erviewer seems disconcerted or shows hesitation when you ask whether you may take down notes or not, take that as a hint and put your notepad and pen away. Looks like you’d have to rely on your memory wholly instead.Bring letters of references and samples of work, just in case.It is also good etiquette to be prepared. Invest in a leather briefcase or a portfolio envelope to put documents in, and bring it with you during the interview. In several technical jobs, the interviewer may ask to see samples of your work, and if you are prepared, you can readily slide them out of the envelope and hand it to him. In case he asks for references, you will also be ready to provide them.Bring that, and not much else. Avoid lugging a large tote bag containing your laptop, tablet, make-up kit, a change of clothes and flats to swap with your pumps later on. You want to look professional, not like a mom headed to the supermarket.Ask questions.There are some jobseekers that opt not to ask questions, even if there are a few bothering them, because they are afraid that this would affect their chances of being hired. Usually, as the interview is winding up, the interviewer asks if you have any questions. He is asking this because he really does want to know if you want to clear or confirm something. Therefore, you should take the chance.Asking questions is one way to further drive in the fact that you are really interested in the job and the company. Not asking anything implies that you couldn’t care less about whether you get the job or not.However, do not ask just any random question. Ask questions that are relevant to the job, the company and the recruitment process. You may be curious about an aspect of the job that was not fully explained; this is your opportunity to gain clarity. If you do your research, you will find a lot of suggested questions that jobseekers should ask during the interview.Thank the interviewer after the interview.When the interview is over, do not fo rget to thank the interviewer for taking the time out of his busy schedule to talk to you. Do it with a firm handshake, a smile and a sincere and polite tone of voice. Call him by his name when thanking him, and he is sure to appreciate that you were able to remember it.On your way out of the room, you may encounter other employees or staff of the company. Remember to thank them for accommodating you as well. If the interview went well, you might end up working alongside these people in the future, so it is a good idea to start off on the right foot.You may also send a simple “thank you” note or a card, written by your hand. Do not go overboard and send a huge basket of flowers or gifts, as this may be taken the wrong way, and they will think you are trying to bribe your way to getting the job.OTHER JOB INTERVIEW ETIQUETTE TIPSThe tips below may not be very new to you if you have ever prepared for a job interview. Let’s take a quick look at all of them together to identify som e of the best practices that can make you stand out.Dress for the job interview.Appearances matter, so you have to take extra care with how you dress. Do you research on the dress code of the company, and use that as basis when putting your job interview outfit together. If you are unsure about the dress code, the safest route would be to stick to conventional office or business attire. Go conservative; avoid skimpy and revealing clothes. Stay away from jarring colors and stick to muted or neutral tones. You are the star of the interview, not your clothes.To ensure that you look presentable, pay attention to your grooming. Your clothes should fit you properly. See to it that they are laundered and pressed. Wear the appropriate shoes, but make sure they are clean and comfortable. Accessorize if you must, but keep it simple. You want the interviewer to pay attention to you, and not the sparkling gems on your neck, ears, wrists and fingers.Make sure your face is visible, so keep your h air back. Ladies wearing make-up should use them sparingly. You want to look professional, as if you are ready to get to work, instead of going to a party.Along with good grooming, hygiene is also very important. You would not believe how many recruiters have been turned off by bad body odor, never mind that the person has good credentials. Remember, this is a very important meeting, so you have to look your best.Use proper titles when addressing the interviewer… and the other people you meet during the interview.Until the interviewer informs you how he or she wants to be addressed, you should make it a point to greet and call them as Sir, Ma’am or, if you made the effort to find out their names, Mr. Smith or Ms. Smith. If they belong to specific professions, such as a doctor, a lawyer, or a professor, for example, use the appropriate address. This is a sign of respect and displays professionalism.Do the same for the other people you come across at the interview location. You ma y not know it, but the person you rode the elevator with on your way up to the floor where your interview will be conducted may be a member of the company’s senior management. The lady you met at the hall may even be the interviewer!Practice a firm handshake.A good grip â€" not too tight, not too loose â€" can convey how confident you are. Too loose, and he might think you are wary about being in contact with people. Too tight, and he might think you are too eager. Worse, you may even end up hurting him because you were gripping too tightly.Avoid shaking his hand vigorously; you may end up looking too excited, or too nervous. Hold his hand for a beat or two, then naturally let go. If you hold on too long, it may seem like you are trying to be too familiar with him.Your body language exhibites your business etiquette. Sit down only when told to.It would be impolite and uncomfortable if you take a seat while your interviewer is still on his feet unless, of course, he tells you to ta ke a seat. Wait to be invited to sit down, and once you get the invitation, do so with as much poise and grace as you can. Do not just plop down on the chair as if you have been on your feet too long and you are immensely relieved to be able to sit down.Any personal belongings should be kept away from the top of the table, or anywhere between you and the interviewer. Put it discreetly beside your chair, or under it, within easy reach in case he asks for the references or work samples that you brought with you.Keep your eye off the clock.Is there a clock in the room? Avoid looking at it. Even if you feel like the interview has been dragging on for too long, and you are wondering how many minutes have passed, do not look at the clock to check the time. If the interviewer catches you, he might think you are in a hurry to be somewhere else, to do something more important than the job interview that is taking place right now.Obviously, you should also avoid looking at the watch on your w rist. You may think you’re being smart by looking at it surreptitiously, but interviewers are trained to be observant, so they are bound to notice it. Keep your watch face covered or, better yet, do not wear a watch during the interview.Maintain good posture.It has been proven that having good posture is important for your health and well-being. But it can also help in boosting your image, or how others perceive you. Bagg Group describes the “power pose” as a winner’s pose, with your shoulders back, your chin up, and your back straight. When seated, try to lean forward a little, just enough to imply to the interviewer that he has your full attention, and you are interested in what he is saying.Outwardly, good posture will make you look like you can take on the world and do anything you set your mind to. Inwardly, you will feel more confident and positive, with all nerves and anxiety kept at bay.It pays to always be on your best behavior, in any and every situation. Make it a way of life, not just during job interviews. If you do, then practicing job interview etiquette will come easily and naturally to you. Who knows? Your good behavior may even be the very thing that will get you the job that will pay you.

Accounting and Managerial Finance Free Essay Example, 3500 words

This is because it stands for the extra return that is needed for investing in stocks more than investing in risk free assets. Beta An indirect quantifier that a compares the systematic risk linked with a company’s stocks with the systematic risk of the entire capital market. Additionally, beta has been defined as the index of responsiveness of the returns of a company’s stocks against the returns of the entire market. A beta value of one for a company reflects a systematic risk with the stock, and is the similar to the systematic risk of the entire capita market. The value of beta is arrived through the application of capital asset pricing model on regression analysis to evaluate the return on stocks with that of the capital market. Pratt and Grabowski (2008) asserted that the beta from shares is the standards of the stock’s market risk, plus a standard to the level of which the stock’s returns move relative to that of the market. Stowe, Robinson, and Pinto (2008)Â  provided a restrictive relationship between beta and realized returns by dividing periods of positive and negative mar ket excess return, and in their report, they realized there is a significantly positive correlation between the realized returns and beta when their excess returns in the market is non-positive. We will write a custom essay sample on Accounting and Managerial Finance or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The calculation of the cost of capital applicable in very many situations, especially in investment appraisal is the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), though this is only applied when a company is involved in a project that is similar to their normal activities. When a company then diversifies, and operates in a business that is significantly different from the present operations, then the capital pricing asset model must be applied ahead of the WACC, and is so that the financial risk of the company, that the beta shall be considered is removed. The capital asset pricing model is a method that is used in the calculation of the required return on investment based on the appraisal of the risk. Pratt and Grabowski (2008) have pointed out that the capital asset pricing model is used in estimating the cost of the retained earnings. To consider the application of the capital asset pricing model in the financial system, the risk free rate of return, which is the yield on short gover nment debt, shall change and this depends on the country’s capital market that is being taken into consideration. The consideration of Henkel A. G implies that for which the maturity and treasury rate is sufficient for its valuation.

Should Abortion Be Legal - 1898 Words

Abortion Abortion is one of the most controversial topics of all times. It has caused countless deaths and several violent confrontations between the two separate parties of opinion. The fight between pro-life and pro-choice supporters has been long and brutal. This is because, despite what several people may believe, abortion is neither right nor wrong. It is the matter of a personal opinion, where, each side can say with certainty that the other one is wrong. The question remains, should abortion be legal? Though some may disagree on this point, the fact is that legalized abortion is the only way to protect the lives of women around the world. If you look into American history to see the results of prohibiting abortions to women, you will see that no abortion means more women dead. The violence, which occurs today because of the pro-choice/pro-life conflicts is minimal in comparison to the thousands of hopeless women who turned to illegal abortions--either self-inflicted or preformed by the backroom professionals-- which resulted in infection, massive blood loss, and death. It is now since the abortion is legal better for women, because they have a place to go to where abortions can be performed in a clean environment and with minimum risks. The legalization of abortion is the only choice, no matter what side one takes in the debate. Women will try to do what they think is necessary to live as they wish, no matter what the risks ar e. In order to live asShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given to the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Comparison of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet with Baz Luhrmann’s Adaptation Free Essays

In the play Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare a lot of literal techniques are used to portray the theme of rivalry in act one scene one. This part of the play is adapted very well by Baz Luhrmann in his 1996 film adaptation. Shakespeare shows a clear sign of rivalry right from the start to make us feel that it is a very important theme which affects the story a lot. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet with Baz Luhrmann’s Adaptation or any similar topic only for you Order Now We can see from near the start of the script the Capulet’s hate for the Montague’s from â€Å"A dog of the house of Montague’s moves me† this line from Sampson shows his hatred for the Montague family, because this line shows that even seeing a dog from the Montagues will make him angry. Shakespeare uses this to show the amount of hate the families have for each other, because if Sampson gets angry by some dogs which live with the Montague’s, then it shows how much more angry he would be if he saw a real Montague. Baz Luhrmann adapts this scene well using different film techniques to adapt this.Act 1 scene 1 starts off with this quote; this shows that Luhrmann has also shown rivalry from the start, because the first lines are showing his anger for the Montagues. Luhrmann also makes Sampson shout it out from a car, showing that the rivalry is so extreme that the house members are shouting to the public about their anger for the opposing house. Luhrmann uses a low camera angle to show Sampson, this is used to make the audience think that he is superior over us and he is very strong, brave and intimidating.Luhrmann creates a larger effect on the audience compared to Shakespeare, by making the theme of rivalry more noticeable and look more important to the storyl ine. This is done by the lines being shouted out loudly and right at the start. Shakespeare shows the rivalry of the two houses very well with Gregory and Sampson, and Abraham and Balthassar to show hatred between the two houses. As soon as Abraham and Balthassar enter, Gregory says â€Å"Draw thy tool, here comes of the house of Montagues. This shows how deadly their rivalry was, because they were fighting with swords which could easily kill someone is one slice, also we can see they are bitter rivals and only want to kill them or defend themselves, because without the opposing house saying even a word they are pulling out their sword. Baz Luhrmann shows the rivalry extremely well through visual techniques of these four characters. Sampson and Gregory are shown as white Americans with casual Hawaiian clothes, while Abraham and Balthassar are shown as Spanish or Latin-American, and are wearing more formal looking clothes which shows a large contrast.Also even their things show they are rivals, such as their car number plates have either â€Å"MON† or â €Å"CAP† and their guns have their house’s emblem on them. Baz Luhrmann also uses fast paced editing to change shots from one character to another showing that the arguments were intense. Overall Luhrmann creates a larger effect on the audience to show rivalry, because you cannot see much contrast between the Montagues and Capulets in the script, while in the film, the director has made noticeable visual contrasts, so the rivalry is clear.Two important characters which show the rivalry between the two houses in Romeo and Juliet are Benvolio and Tybalt. In Shakespeare’s original they are shown as very different and opposite, we can see this from â€Å"I do but keep the peace† and â€Å"†¦ Peace? I hate the word† this shows that they have complete opposite views showing that they are rivals, because they don’t think the same and can never agree on something. Benvolio is trying to bring peace, while Tybalt hates it and wants violence and bloodshed. These two views are completely different and shows good versus evil where neither good nor evil can agree upon something.Baz Luhrmann shows the contrast between the two characters well. When Tybalt enters the scene the music suddenly stops and the characters freeze, then an extreme close up is shown of Tybalt’s mouth, this is used to show that he is a very intimidating character, because the director builds up the tension and then finally reveals Tybalt. We then see extreme close up shots of the eyes of Benvolio and Tybalt, this makes it seem like a cowboy standoff, to show the hate in their eyes which they have for each other, this hate is mostly shown by Tybalt, with Benvolio looking nervous and worried after a while.This is another contrast, because Tybalt is confident and evil, while Benvolio is worried, but trying to create peace between them, showing rivalry by contrast in ideas. The setting also contributes to the rivalry, because it is set in a petrol station which co uld easily explode, showing that Tybalt hates the Montagues so much that he would explode a petrol station just to kill a Montague. Benvolio and Tybalt both create a large feelingBoth Shakespeare and Luhrmann have done a fantastic job to convey the theme of rivalry to us the audience in act one scene one of Romeo and Juliet, with Shakespeare using different literal techniques and Luhrmann adapting these techniques into film techniques to emphasise this theme. They have made the characters show rivalry very clearly and noticeably so that we notice this theme and know of its importance. How to cite Comparison of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet with Baz Luhrmann’s Adaptation, Papers

The Downfall Of China Essays - Geography Of Asia, Asia,

The Downfall Of China China is the perfect example of what happens when one leader is given to much power. The leaders of China were each very afraid of social reform, and the consequences that outside influence may have on their customs. As a means of initiating reform, they shut the entire Western world out almost completely. At the time it was a move that served China well but in the long run it was the downfall of China. While blindfolded, the Chinese were unable to see the great advancements of the Western world. With an egocentric government, the Chinese citizens were neglected outside of the palace walls and the country fell to shambles. Instead of stimulating economic growth the government suppressed it as the rest of the world advanced. While focused on fear of internal rebellion the Chinese leaders overlooked the status of their army and were not prepared for the rest of the world as they fell so far behind in almost every advancement. Had China remained in contact with the Western world it would have been possible for them to be as advanced a civilization as the Western world. As the Chinese government had their head buried in the sand with worry over losing control of their empire, they neglected to maintain the basic essentials of a functional country. All of China's canals eventually decayed as they were left unrepaired for years, the ironworks that China once prided itself one became obsolete with out a second look, and the army itself was no match for any Western army. The merchants were of no avail to the poor Chinese civilians as their profits on land and education. Upon shutting out the rest of the world China had forbidden the use of a printing press. The expression of social criticism and news of the outside world was banned. The people of China had no idea what was happening. When the doors had been shut from the outside world Europe was not as highly advanced as China. Europeans lived in crowded cities with rodents and foul odors. The Chinese for a period of time lived with the fresh scent of flowers and tea. As China internally decayed the citizens had nothing to compare it to for they had always been ahead of Europe in almost everything for so many centuries. After the thirteenth century Western civilization flourished. In Western Europe the governments encouraged industrial growth and individual commerce as a means of keeping ahead of the competition. With each distinct country competing with each other a variety of individual trades were created eventually sparking the Industrial Revolution. As a result of heavily trading around the world, each country became very wealthy, and as such their internal economies grew. In Great Britain without government suppression on individual companies they were able to build the most powerful navy in the world, and colonize in many different countries. As China was suffering from economic rot, they paid no attention to the world around them. They did not realize that the rest of the world was waiting to conquer China and divide the winnings. When Chinese officials refused to continue trading with the British they initiated the Opium Wars. The final result of the Opium War was almost devastating. They were forced to sign an unfair treaty with Britain. Under the treaty, the opium trade was legalized and the Guangzhou monopoly was ended as Xiamen, Ningbo, Fuzhou, and Shanghai was also opened to trade. The island of Hong Kong became a British base and Britain established the right to supervise and inspect a published tariff structure on China's trade. Finally, China, already reeling from trade imbalance, was compelled to pay a war indemnity of $21 million. China was very focused on keeping the Japanese and Portuguese pirates away from their shores. While they were distracted every other European country continued to build their armies at a rapid speed. With new technology, the Western world left China behind and continued to invent more lethal weapons. As China was busy fighting off predators they had no extra time to keep up. As all of their iron factories were obsolete they had no cost, efficient method. Because of their

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan

Mother Tongue by Amy Tan Summary In her essay ‘Mother Tongue’, Amy Tan tries to use her personal experience to describe the importance of language in a society. In this analysis, the author compares perfect English language with ‘broken language’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tongue by Amy Tan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Using English as an example, the author attempts to explain how language is important in communications. She says â€Å"language is an essential key in enabling people to understand the definition of their identities†. In addition, the author says that she realized that language allows or authorizes individuals to participate effectively as members of a society. It is worth noting that Amy Tan is fond of language. For instance, she says that she has written a number of books in English and Chinese. However, she admits that she has never been eloquent or rhetoric when her mother is present. This is the main argument the author has put forward by demonstrating the importance of language in her life. In addition, she argues that communication is difficult without a good language. In actual sense, this essay is chiefly an analysis of personal views and perceptions of language. The author attempts to describe how language should be used and how people tend to use it in their day-to-day communication. She compares â€Å"standard English language† and â€Å"broken English language†. To develop her argument, the author has set the essay in the form of a memoir. For instance, she compares her oral use of language with her written language. Tan informs her readers that the presence of her mother in one of her lecturers made her notice some differences between her oral and written language. At this point in life, the author realized that she was not using the same language she had been using when communicating with her mother. Instead, she realized tha t she has been using â€Å"broken English† when communicating with her. Therefore, she started reflecting on her childhood and the role that the mother played in helping her shape her language and communication. Reflection From this essay, one notices the manner in which Tan attempts to present her argument. It is evident that Tan is attempting to demonstrate how learning English has an impact in her and her life. The author analyzes her childhood experience. From her analysis, it is evident that circumstances frequently forced her to translate Chinese into English when communicating with other people at school or in her neighbourhood.Advertising Looking for essay on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She attempts to argue that it is due to her difficulties in communicating in the two languages that drove her to become a writer. It is also clear that her life as a child was difficult because she was su pposed to use Chinese at home, but change to English when at school or when with her peers. Her main ideas are good examples of the real life experience in American communities, especially where language barriers are evident. Her use of personal experience is an important literal technique because it provides some sense of evidence and reality (Tan 1). In fact, the supporting content, which is particularly drawn from her life as a Chinese child growing up and relating with English children and teachers, provides some evidence that her narrative is convincing. In addition, it is also effective in presenting her ideas. For instance, she says, â€Å"I am not an English scholar. I cannot give you anything beyond my personal points of view† (Tan 1). This statement makes the opening sentence in the essay. It seems to make the readers realize that the author will present her personal observations and experience. As such, the reader develops some interest in what the author has exper ienced in her life and what such experience could affect them. Secondly, Tan has presented her ideas that are based on common issues that everyone experiences or observes in nature, especially where immigrants are trying to fit into a new social environment defined by language barriers. I tend to agree with Amy Tan for a number of reasons. First, I have seen people going through the same processes when trying to fit into new communities. Their children normally face the pressure of learning and using two languages- the â€Å"mother tongue† and the language used in the new society (Tan 3). This issue is good but challenging. It provides children with an ability to learn and apply two or more languages at a time. In fact, it is worth noting that Amy Tan is presenting her ideas at a time when the issue of cultural diversity is common in the United States. America is a home to a large number of immigrants from all over the world. Therefore, the U.S. has become a culturally divers e society due to the presence of people from different ethnic backgrounds. In fact, the issue of Standard English versus â€Å"Broken English† is a contemporary issue, especially in schools, public places and neighbourhoods. Although people must communicate, language barrier is always a problem in most cases. Therefore, the argument by the author contributes to the issue of language barrier, which is a current topic of debate in America.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mother Tongue by Amy Tan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tan, Amy.  Mother tongue.  PDF file. Web.

Make Your Essay Flow Using Transitions

Make Your Essay Flow Using Transitions Your written report, whether it is a creative, three-paragraph essay, or an extensive research paper, must be organized in a way that presents a satisfying experience for the reader. Sometimes it just seems impossible to make a paper flow- but that generally happens because your paragraphs aren’t arranged in the best possible order. Two essential ingredients for a great-reading paper are logical order and smart transitions. Create Flow With Better Paragraph Order The first step toward creating flow is making sure your paragraphs are put together in a logical order. Many times, the first draft of a report or essay is a little choppy and out of sequence. The good news about writing an essay of any length is that you can use cut and paste to rearrange your paragraphs. At first, this might sound terrifying: when you finish a draft of an essay it feels much like you have given birth- and cutting and pasting sounds scary. Don’t worry. You can simply  use a practice version of your paper to experiment with. Once you have finished a draft of your paper, save it and name it. Then make a second version by copying the entire first draft and pasting it into a new document. Now that you have a draft to experiment with, print it out and read it over. Do the paragraphs and topics flow in a logical order? If not, assign each paragraph a number and write the number in the margin. Don’t be at all surprised if you find that a paragraph on page three looks like it could work better on page one.Once you’ve numbered all the paragraphs, start cutting and pasting them in your document until they match your numbering system.Now, re-read your essay. If the order works better, you can go back and insert transition sentences between paragraphs.Finally, re-read both versions of your paper and confirm that your new version sounds better than the original. Create Flow With Transition Words Transition sentences (and words) are necessary for making connections between the claims, views, and statements you make in your writing. Transitions can involve a few words or a few sentences. If you can imagine your report as a quilt made up of many squares, you could think of your transition statements as the stitches that connect the squares. Red stitches might make your quilt ugly, while white stitching would give it flow. For some types of writing, transitions can contain just a few simple words. Words like also, furthermore, and yet, can be used to connect one idea to another. I had to walk two miles each morning to get to school. Yet, the distance was not something I considered a burden.I enjoyed walking to school when my friend Rhonda walked with me and talked about her travels.   For more sophisticated essays, you’ll need a few sentences to make your paragraphs flow. While the research was conducted at a university in Colorado, there is no evidence that altitude was considered to be a factor  ...A similar exercise was carried out in the mountain state of West Virginia, where similar extremes of altitude exist. You will find that its easy to come up with effective transitions once your paragraphs are arranged in the most logical order.

Sampling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sampling - Research Paper Example The records from the university showed that there was a sample of 1000 alumni. The survey design will utilize control categories to obtain a representative sample from the main list. The research will list the following control categories. The sex category has a larger percentage for males. The decision was arrived at because women are fewer than men. The slightly higher percentage increased their likelihood of selection. Age categories relied on recent alumni of the university. The larger percentage of 31-35 was necessary to share experiences of those who have been in the job market based on the old training program. Other categories would include; income levels based on employment or unemployment. The last category would be educational levels assessed based on secondary, tertiary or college levels.Alumni Quota sample for alumni on new training on development program Kuwaiti bank survey aims at evaluating how banking habits differ from different ethnic groups. The researcher utilizes the systematic sampling technique in which a sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and then picking every 5th household. The sample interval is determined from the universe that totals 200000 people. Nassipur (2004) argues that when a sample is too small, the generalizability of the findings becomes difficult. When it is too small it becomes meaningless when analyzed. Besides, when the resources and time are limited a smaller sample becomes justified. The desired sample is 1500. The sample interval shall be 133. That means every 133th household has a likelihood of selection. The population resides in a geographically ordered area where tribes live alongside each other. The sample shall be distributed according to population size per region. A triangulation of sampling quota and systematic techniques will be utilized as follows. The orderly nature of geographical distribution will increase

The impact of the financial crisis on the airline industry Essay

The impact of the financial crisis on the airline industry - Essay Example Nonetheless, an economic crisis occurred in between the year 2000 and 2001. Within this period, Turkey faced one of the worst economic turmoil, with the unemployment rate reaching over 11%. In addition, the Turkey government borrowed an additional 23 billion dollars (Reinhart &Â  Rogoff, 2009). This paper will analyze the impact of the financial crisis on the airline industry, focusing on Turkish Airlines. The Aviation sector is expanding by day with progressing technologies and economies. Developments on aviation sector affect airlines operations. The Airline industry or sector is connected with international trade laws or policies. The Turkish Airline sector is growing fast and has a large significance to economic progress. Their international and countrywide financial crisis also had a tremendous impact on Turkish Airlines. At the period of the financial crisis, Turkish Airlines was faced with decreased air travels, massive retrenchment of workers, among others. This also contrib uted to the economy of Turkey becoming delicate, not only domestically, but also internationally (Rigas, 2001). Not only, did the financial crisis affect Turkish Airlines and its workers, it also affected businesses that were depending on the Airline services, for example, tourism and shipment of goods from Turkey to other areas. Turkish Airlines is the Turkish national transporter airline in Turkey. Turkish Airline headquarters is situated in the capital city, Istanbul, at Ataturk Airport. Turkish Airlines offers its air travelling services to over two hundred and four domestic and international destinations in the Americas, Africa, Europe, and Asia. In addition, Turkish Airline offers its carrier services to an additional ninety one countries (Rigas, 2002). This makes its destination system from one area the largest in the whole world. Turkish Airline’s central station is Ataturk International Airport. Turkish Airlines has been on the rise since 2006. The number of passenge rs using Turkish Airline increased from 17million passengers in 2006 to 29 million passengers in 2010, earning over $15 million dollars over the five years. A report released in 2011 showed the airline had employed 18,188 workers. Turkish Airline has also been a constituent of the Star Alliance network from 2008. Turkish Airline also co-owned B&H Airlines, AnadoluJet, North Cyprus Airlines, SunExpress, and Cyprus Turkish Airlines. Turkish airline has been affected by financial crises since the olden days. Turkish Airlines suffered financial losses between 1987 and 1988, mainly because of significant expenditure on its numerous new Airbuses. This is according to a report released by Air Transport World. The fleet of airplanes also comprised DC-9s and Boeings. Turkish Airlines finished the period with less than 10,000 airline workers. In addition, after the Persian Gulf War, Turkish Airlines also suffered in the world wide economic crisis (Rigas, 2002). Nonetheless, Turkish Airlines g ot back on its feet in the middle of 1990s. The largest contribution to its financial development came from destination in North America. Turkish Airlines capital continued to increase, attaining the 10 trillion mark, in 1995. During the same year, Turkish Airline had switched some of its Boeing to cargo planes. Turkish Airline attained a $6 million profit within the same year. Nonetheless, Turkish Airline had to compete with the extreme inflation of the country due to

North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (or as they say in French le Organisation du traità © de lAtlantique Nord (OTAN)), began as a military alliance of governments due to the North Atlantic Treaty ( 4 April 1949). From its inception NATO, with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, has focused on a structure cooperative defence. It translates this structure as having the member states responding to a joint and mutual defence against attack by a non- NATO aggressor. From the original 12 member states there are now 28 participants in this organization dedicated to keeping the alliance strong and vital in a changing world order. Initially, NATO began as a political body, more prone to discussion rather than action. This changed when the Korean War spurred the member states into action and they set up a military command structure under the leadership of two U.S. supreme commanders to effectively deal with the situation that was brewing in Korea. As the first NATO Secretary General, Lord Ismay, stated the organizations goal was to keep the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down.[4] The alliances of WWII with the Russians had taken a beating as the battles became ideological with communism on one side and democracy as represented by the west and NATO was on the other. As for the Germans, there was a basic distrust since they had been responsible for both world wars and it was only four years after their surrender that NATO was formed. Eventually Germany became and is a vital and full-fledged member of the organization. The alliance had some initial credibility issues, since the ever changing relationships between European members and the US were in flux (as always). There was a significant feat that NATO would be unable to stand together against a Soviet invasion. As a sign of its coolness towards the alliance, and basically as a vote of no confidence, the French developed their own nuclear arsenal and withdrew from NATOs military structure in 1966 and hasnt rejoined that aspect of NATO since. In 1955, in retaliation to NATO, the Soviet Bloc countries started their own alliance The Warsaw Pact, and thereby created a common antipathy towards each alliance. In 1989, precipitated by the fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of Germany, NATO focused its attention on the turmoil of the Balkan states and the troubles brewing in that region. At the same time NATO forged stronger and more durable associations with their former Warsaw Pact adversaries and succeeded so well that quite a few of these states joined the alliance between 1999 and 2004. On 1 April 2009, the NATO membership grew it its present 28 states with the entrance of Albania and Croatia into the alliance.[5] Due to the 11 September, 2001 attacks against New York and Washington, NATO has refocused its mission to fight terrorism, instead of the Eastern block and re purposed itself to meet new and more difficult confrontations in other regions of the world. The alliance has provided troops to Afghanistan as well as trainers to Iraq in order to fulfill its treaty obligations to a member state, in this case the United States, that has been attacked. As part of its ever evolving nature, NATO and the European Union (many of whose members are also members of NATO) signed a package of agreements called The Berlin Plus Agreement on 16 December 2002. The crux of this agreement gives the EU the possibility to use NATO assets in case it wants to act independently in an international crisis, on the condition that NATO itself did not want to act-the so-called right of first refusal.[6] Thus if NATO, as the alliance refused to act in a crisis, the EU therefore has the option to respond. NATO members provide 70-plus% of the worlds defence spending.[7] The United States contributes 43% the total military spending of the world[8] with the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Italy spending an additional 15%.[9] The remaining alliance countries make up the remainder of the 12% that accounts for this huge outlay of funds, materials and personnel, making NATO ready to meet any crisis. History The history of NATO is a history of treaties that came in the wake of the Second World War. In 1948 he Treaty of Brussels, signed by Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France and the United Kingdom was the forerunner to the NATO agreement. The signing of this treaty coupled with the insidious Soviet Berlin Blockade gave rise to the Western European Unions Defence Organization that same year. [10] There was an understanding though that in order to thwart the rising military power of the USSR, the United States had to be brought into the picture to enable the west to have a solid counterbalance of power. This strategy precipitated a need for a new military alliance. Talks began at once and in less than a year, the North Atlantic treaty was signed between the 5 signatories of the Treaty of Brussels and the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. There was a lot of hostility regarding the treaty and it even caused some Icelanders to advocate and participate in a pro-neutrality, anti-membership riot in March 1949, just days before the final signatures on for April. The Parties of NATO agreed that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all. Consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence will assist the Party or Parties being attacked, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. (http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm ) The phrase Such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force does not necessarily mean that other member states will respond with military action against the aggressor(s) has raised many questions over the years. Member states are obligated to respond to a crisis concerning the alliance or any one of its members, however these states have the freedom to choose how they will respond. (Hence Frances decision to withdraw from the military structure, as it never wants to commit its troops to a fight) This clause negates Article IV of the Treaty of Brussels that states that the members will aid the attacked member militarily. Further, the article limits the organizations scope to Europe and North America, which explains why the Falklands War did not result in NATO involvement. However, there was justification for the Afghanistan and Iraq wars involvement as the organizations that attacked the Member state, the US , were not national and merely located in another location . With NATO, some consistency of allied military terminology, procedures, and technology has been brought into existence. This has often meant that European member countries adopting U.S. practices and techniques. There are about 1300 Standardization Agreements (STANAGs) codifying these standards. For instance the 7.62ÃÆ'-51 NATO rifle cartridge of the 1950s became the standard firearm cartridge among many NATO countries while Fabrique Nationale de Herstals FAL was NATO rifle in Europe and used until the early 1990s. In addition to consistent firearms and rifles, signals became standardized, enabling any NATO aircraft to land at any NATO base without confusion. Even the NATO phonetic alphabet has made its beyond NATO into civilian use. Cold War Perhaps the defining moment in early NATO was the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. This police action became a critical test for the alliance as it confronted what appeared to be all Communist countries working together to destabilize the Koreas. This forced NATO into developing military plans.[11] This war was also the precipitator to the nascent cold war between the West and the East and their ideological disparity. In 1952, NATO began to codify its requirements for a Long Term Defence Plan. The Lisbon conference first suggested that there be 96 divisions dedicated to the alliance, however in 1953, this number was devolved to 35 divisions, with an increased dependence on nuclear weaponry to make up the difference. There were 15 at the ready divisions located in Central Europe and Italy and Scandinavia hosted another ten. Another outcome of the Lisbon Conference was that the Chief Civilian post of Secretary General of NATO was created (Baron Hastings Ismay was appointed). (12, 13) By September of 52, the first NATO exercises were held and Operation Mainbrace brought 200 ships and over 50,000 troops and sailors to practice defending Norway and Denmark. It was a huge success. By the end of that first year, Greece and Turkey joined the alliance. This forced some very contentious negotiations, with the United States and Britain disputing as to the logistics of bringing these two countries into the command structure.[14] All through the controversy that was openly under discussion, covert operations were underway to set up a solid resistance in case of a successful Soviet invasion (Operation Gladio). This resistance was original to the Western European Union, however it seemed more logical and effective to transfer these plans and operations to NATO control. Despite the disputes there were signs of unity a bonds began to grow among the different between NATOs armed forces so that the troops themselves were more cohesive. This included the NATO Tiger Association and competitions such as the Canadian Army Trophy for tank gunnery among the different units and countries. By 1954, the Soviet Union felt that it should become a part of NATO in order to keep the peace in Europe.[15] This did not sit well with the NATO member countries, as they feared that the real motivation of the Soviet Unions was weaken the alliance from within, sewing discord, so they rejected the proposal. However, despite earlier declarations of keeping the Germans down, the admission of West Germany into NATO on 9 May 1955 was described as a decisive turning point in the history of our continent by Halvard Lange, Foreign Minister of Norway at the time.[16] German military forces and manpower were a deciding factor into allowing their former enemy into the alliance. Without the extra soldiers fielding enough forces to resist a Soviet invasion[17] would have been impossible. The upshot of this admission though was the Warsaw Pact, signed on 14 May 1955 (6 days later) with the Soviet Union, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, and East Germany as members. This formal response to Germanys admission into NATO , defined in no uncertain terms, the two sides of the Cold War. French withdrawal Charles de Gaulles presidency of France from 1958 caused a constant strain on the NATO alliance. De Gaulle ongoing objections to the United States role in the organization was the basis of his never ceasing disputation with NATO. He felt that the special relationship between the United States and the United Kingdom was undermining the alliance and he wanted France to be the predominant member state. De Gaulle wrote to President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Prime Minister Harold Macmillan on 17 September 1958, where he basically demanded a tripartite directorate that would put France on an equal footing with the United States and the United Kingdom in NATO. He also stipulated that NATOs coverage be expanded cover French geographical areas, most notably French Algeria, so that NATO could assist Frances counter-insurgency against Algerian rebels. De Gaulle did not like the response Eisenhower and Macmillan gave him so he began to pull away from a unified alliance and create independent defences for his country. He wanted to play both sides of the alliance in case East Germany invaded West Germany. He was determined to have a separate peace with the Eastern bloc and had no desire to involve France in a NATO-Warsaw Pact conflict. In 1959, despite being a signatory to the alliance, De Gaulle began his severing his allegiance to the alliance. In March 1959, France withdrew its Mediterranean Fleet from NATO command. In June 1959, de Gaulle proscribed foreign nuclear weapons on French soil. By this act, the United States began transferring military aircraft out of France and returning control of all air force bases that NATO operated in France since 1950 to the French by 1967. De Gaulle wanted only his own military and nuclear arms on his own soil, despite his supposed solidarity to the alliance. In 1962, during the Cuban Missle Crisis de Gaulle showed unity with NATO, however afterwards he sustained his unrelenting determination of creating his own independent defence through the removal of Frances Atlantic and Channel fleets from the NATO command structure. Therefore it was no surprise to anyone within the alliance that by 1966, all French armed forces were removed from NATOs integrated military command, and all non-French NATO troops were asked to leave France. All his actions caused the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) to move from Rocquencourt, near Paris, to Casteau, Belgium, by 16 October 1967. While France remained a member of the alliance, its removal on the surface seemed to preclude any sort of committed defence of Europe from possible Communist attack. On the other hand, France did have forces stationed in the Federal Republic of Germany throughout the Cold War. A chain of clandestine agreements between U.S. and French officials, ( Lemnitzer-Ailleret Agreements) delineated the way French forces would fit together and return to NATOs command in case hostilities commenced during the Cold War. [18] Although on the surface France and DeGaulle had manipulated themselves into an independent there was nevertheless a way for France to unite and fight with NATO in case of war. It wasnt until 1995 that the French position on the military structure of NATO began to change. Dà ©tente NATO was able to keep from actual military engagements as an alliance throughout most of the Cold War. The organization was prepared in case of such a scenario. In 1968, NATO argued that since the United States controlled nuclear weapons until a decision to go to war and NATOs own nuclear sharing arrangements with the US were no in violation of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty that was being signed. Since few states actually knew what NATOs nuclear position actually was, whatever the alliance declaimed was considered truth and there was no challenge to their stance as far as controlling nuclear weapons was concerned. NATO countries officially defined two balancing aims of the Alliance on 30 May 1978. The first was to follow their initial directive and maintain security throughout the alliance. The second was to pursue dà ©tente. The purpose of these two complementary aims was to match the NATO defences to those of the Warsaw Pacts offensive capacity without inciting an extra arms race. In 1979, since the Warsaw Pact countries built up their nuclear capabilities in Europe, NATO approved the deployment of U.S. GLCM cruise missiles and Pershing II theatre nuclear weapons in Europe. These new warheads strengthened the western position regarding nuclear disarmament. This Dual Track policy meant that peace was pursued on one hand while meeting weapons build up on the other. Essentially it was a game of one-upmanship conducted by both sides. This occurred again in 1983-84, when NATO responded to the positioning of Warsaw Pact SS-20 medium-range missiles in Europe, by deploying modern Pershing II missiles. These missiles have the ability to hit military targets quite hard such as tank formations, should there be a war. These dual actions led to peace movement protests throughout Western Europe in light of the fact that the danger level ratcheted up in case peace talks were unsuccessful. Escalation Most of Europe was divided between the two alliances. Members of NATO were often shown in blue, with members of the Warsaw Pact shown in red on any maps depicting their allegiances. President Ronald Reagan of the United States was determined that the buildup of the tension between the US and USSR should be exacerbated even more by having NATO deploy those Pershing II and cruise missiles in Western Europe, primarily West Germany. These Pershing II missiles are tactical nuclear weapons intended to strike targets on the battlefield in the event that the Soviets invaded West Germany. The Soviets fed into the Reagan paranoia and played into his deployment plans on 1 September 1983, when they shot down a South Korean passenger airliner when it crossed into Soviet airspace. Reagan characterized the shooting down of the plane a massacre. With world opinion on their side the U.S., galvanized support for the deployment of the missiles. This deployment stood in place until the later accords between Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev were reached and the hegemony of the Soviet Union began to dismantle.. Gamesmanship in the membership was still around although during the late 1970s and early 80s there was some stagnancy. In 1974, when the Turks invaded Cyprus, Greece withdrew its forces from NATOs military command structure. Finally though, in 1980, they were readmitted (Turkish cooperation was necessary) Finally in May 1982, Spain was able to join the alliance as its former dictator had died and the newly democratic country was free to become part of NATO. Spain joined the alliance. In November 1983, NATO maneuvers simulated a nuclear launch and it caused widespread panic in the USSR. General Secretary Yuri Andropov, who was in ill health at the time, was worried that the maneuvers, were actually a genuine first strike. In response, Soviet nuclear forces were readied and air units in East Germany and Poland were placed on alert. It was a tense situation and although U.S. intelligence felt that the Soviet response was merely a propaganda effort, there are many who feel that ailing Andropov was convinced that a NATO first strike was imminent. Post Cold War When the Cold War ended and the Warsaw Pact dissolved in 1991, the main adversary of NATO was gone. There was a strategic reassessment of NATOs purpose. While this reassessment and realignment of the nature and tasks of the alliance were underway, the ultimate result is that NATO has expanded into Eastern Europe and former Warsaw Pact countries are becoming part of the alliance. NATO has also extended its activities into new areas. In 1990, NATO welcomed the German reunification. This meant that the former East Germany was part of the Federal Republic of Germany and therefore alliance. This had been agreed in the Two Plus Four Treaty earlier in the year. There was still a need for Soviet approval of a united Germany to remain in NATO so it was stipulated that foreign troops and nuclear weapons would not be stationed in the eastern part of the country (the former East Germany). Because of this new treaty, there has been an ongoing controversy between scholars and diplomats regarding the expansion of the NATO Alliance. Once scholar, Stephen F. Cohen argued in 2005 that a commitment was given that NATO would never expand further east,[19]. On the other hand but according to Robert Zoellick,( then a State Department official involved in the Two Plus Four negotiating process,) feels that Cohen is wrong as there was no formal commitment of the sort made in the treaty regarding any other country besides Germany.[20] In May 2008, The Daily Telegraph held an interview with Mikhail Gorbachev who felt along with Cohen that there was a commitment made. Gorbachev said the Americans promised that NATO wouldnt move beyond the boundaries of Germany after the Cold War but now half of central and eastern Europe are members, so what happened to their promises? It shows they cannot be trusted.[21] NATOs military structure was cut back and reorganized in the post Cold War era, with new forces such as the Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps established. The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe agreed between NATO and the then still existent Warsaw Pact, mandated specific reductions in personnel, weapons, and nukes. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the military balance in Europe shifted and this was recognized in the Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty. Finally in 1995, after nearly a 30 year absence, France rejoined NATOs Military Committee in 1995. French President Nicolas Sarkozy reformed Frances military position and enabled the country to return to full membership on 4 April 2009. This date also saw France rejoin the integrated military command of NATO, even as it still maintains its own nuclear deterrent independently of the alliance.[22] Balkans interventions After years of military preparedness and no fighting during the Cold War, NATOs first military operation came during the former Yugoslavia civil war. It was called Operation Sharp Guard and ran from June 1993-October 1996. NATO provided maritime enforcement of the arms embargo, and set ic sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Six months into the embargo and blockade, (28 February 1994) NATO took its first military action, by shooting down four Bosnian Serb aircraft. These planes violated a U.N.-mandated no-fly zone over central Bosnia and Herzegovina. NATOs Operation Deliberate Force, a bombing campaign started in August, 1995, against the Army of the Republika Srpska, after the Srebrenica massacre. Operation Deny Flight, the no-fly-zone enforcement mission, started in 1993, continued the end of December 1995. The NATO air strikes forced an end to the war in Bosnia. This culminated in the the Dayton Agreement, that provided NATO with authority to deployed peacekeeping force, under Operation Joint Endeavor, first named IFOR and then SFOR. This deployment ran from December 1996 to December 2004. Following the lead of its member nations, NATO began to award a service medal, the NATO Medal, for these operations in appreciation of its troops efforts in a difficult endeavor. NATO was now a fully fledged military organization that was as capable as any single member nation on conducting a military operation to successful conclusion. What had been words on paper was now put into practice. From 1994 to 1997, NATO and its neighbors set up several forums for dialogue in order to keep conflict at a minimum. The Partnership for Peace, the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council were all results of these forums and led the way to a more inclusive membership in the alliance. On 8 July 1997, three former communist countries, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Poland, were invited to join NATO and their final admission occurred in 1999. By 1998, the NATO-Russia Permanent Joint Council was established to keep communications open and free flowing between the former adversaries. NATO saw its first broad-scale military engagement in the Kosovo War, where it waged an 11-week bombing campaign, called Operation Allied Force. This was again against what was then the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia as the Serbians massacred and cracked- down on Albanian civilians in Kosovo. While a formal declaration of war never took place the NATO action was successful. Yugoslavian leader Slobodan MiloÃ…Â ¡eviĆ¡ agreed to NATOs demands and Kosovos native Albanians were free to stay or go. During Kosovo, NATO deployed one of its international reaction forces, the ACE Mobile Force (Land), to deliver humanitarian aid to Kosovan refugees. [23] NATO then established the KFOR, a NATO-led force under a United Nations mandate that operated the military mission in Kosovo. In August-September 2001, the alliance also mounted Operation Essential Harvest, a mission disarming ethnic Albanian militias in the Republic of Macedonia.[24] NATOs work in the military arena was expanding and becoming vital to international interests This expansion and necessity led the United States, the United Kingdom, and most other NATO countries to oppose efforts that require the U.N. Security Council to approve NATO military strikes, as had happened against Serbias invasion into Kosovo in 1999. France and some others claimed that the alliance needed U.N. approval of course probably more as a way to thwart the US/UK more than any ideological reasons. The U.S./U.K. side that Russia and China would have exercised their Security Council vetoes to block the strike on Yugoslavia and thereby condemned all those ethnic Albanians to slaughter. Russia and China could in fact exercise these same vetoes whenever future conflicts arose where NATO intervention was required. This would essentially cripple and the purpose of the organization. NATO adopted the Alliance Strategic Concept during its Washington Summit in April 1999 that emphasized conflict prevention and crisis management[25] as a prelude to any sort of military intervention unless required and approved by the alliance. After the 11 September attacks Everything changed after the 9/11 attacks on the United States. At this time, and for the first time, NATO invoked Article 5 of the NATO Charter. The Article states: Article 5 The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security . Essentially, an attack on any member shall be considered to be an attack on all members. This invocation of Article Five was ratified on 4 October 2001 when NATO determined that the attacks were indeed eligible under the terms of the North Atlantic Treaty.[26] Eight official actions were taken by NATO to respond to the attacks. Among them were Operation Eagle Assist and Operation Active Endeavour. Operation Active Endeavour is to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general in the Mediterranean . Despite this early show of solidarity within the alliance there was another crisis barely more than a year later. France and Belgium vetoed the procedure of silent approval concerning the timing of protective measures for Turkey in case of a possible war with Iraq. Germany did not use its right to break the procedure but said it supported the veto. So that all efforts to assist that member fell into abeyance and should Turkey be attacked, there is no agenda in place to quickly form a reprisal. On the other hand the invasion of Afghanistan provided NATO with a chance for a more public unity. On 16 April 2003, NATO took command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. Germany and the Netherlands, the two nations leading ISAF at the time of the agreement requested this action and all NATO ambassadors approved it unanimously. The handover of control to NATO took place on 11 August, and marked the first time in NATOs history that it took charge of a mission outside the north Atlantic area. By January 2004, NATO appointed Minister Hikmet Çetin, of Turkey, as the Senior Civilian Representative (SCR) in Afghanistan to be responsible for advancing the political-military aspects of the Alliance in Afghanistan. On 31 July 2006, a NATO-led force took over military operations in the south of Afghanistan from a U.S.-led anti-terrorism coalition and has been protecting the area since. Bowing to US Pressure, NATO even has set up a training program in Iraq to assist in that countrys efforts. NATOs involvement in both arenas has expanded its role in the war against terrorism and the alliance has been instrumental in assisting the now 8 year old conflicts in their efforts to bring the terror organizations in both countries to a halt.

A Discussion of Paulo Freire’s Banking Concept of Education Essay

Freire implies that teachers are only telling students what to know rather than conversting with them, which explains why Freire insists that â€Å"education is suffering from narration sickness†(Freire 71). This means that he believes that educators only fill student’s minds with information, that the teacher feels is important, without providing the students the meaning and personal relevance that information has. By using this method, the student is oppressed by the teacher and unable to fulfill a complete state of consciousness. I can remember several times in my educational experiences where I have been the â€Å"depository† in Freire’s Banking Concept of Education, but no experience is more relative than my Organic Chemistry class three years ago where I learned that problem-solving education is vastly superior to banking-education because it allows students to acquire true understanding of their world and the ability to reach consciousness. During the summer of 2009, I took a summer semester of Organic Chemistry at University of California Berkeley. When I first entered the lecture hall, there were masses of people fighting for seats and some even resided to sitting on the floor or going into the side room to watch the lecture on television. As soon as the clock hit 9:00 am, five faculty members walked into the room: Professor Francis and four Graduate Student Instructors (GSIs). From the start, Dr. Francis went over the course structure, what it entailed, and how we as students could obtain help. While he was going over the syllabus information, he made one point extremely clear: â€Å"I cannot answer your personal questions during lecture time. If you have questions, please visit me during my office hours or please ask one of the GSIs. † After making that point, he transitioned into his lecture on functional groups; however, I was not following him. I immediately knew that this would be a lecture-only class, and I knew that I would need to write down every single note, diagram, or graph he showed us and memorize it for future examinations. Freire would acclaim that I would become a â€Å"depository† because I would simply allow Professor Francis to deposit his ‘knowledge’ into my mind without further question or thought. I would become a slave, oppressed by the very person who was supposed to free me (Freire 74). Dr. Francis continued in his slide show and a large slide labeled ‘Hydrocarbons’ appeared on the screen, and below the title were several different organic hydrocarbon functional groups, such as alkenes, alkanes, alkynes, benzenes, and toluene. He discussed each hydrocarbon in great depth and showed us students how to recognize them based on their bond sequences and patterns, how they react in the presence of other organic molecules, and how their chemical bonds affect water. After an exhaustive lecture of copying everything he said into my 12Ãâ€"8 notebook, he announced that we must memorize all of the hydrocarbon groups, and to be able to recognize them for an exam setting. Never once did he explain what what makes them important. I raised my hand at the end of the lecture, and asked him what the application of hydrocarbons are in the ‘real-world’. He replied not to worry about that, and that we needed to be able to recognize them and know how they function chemically, not practically, and why would he take the time to explain how hydrocarbons function? In order for Dr. Francis to keep his job, Freire asserts that, â€Å"the teacher must assume all of his students as ignorant†(Freire 72). This implies that if Dr. Francis had gone straight to the point and explained why hydrocarbons were important in the real world and in a laboratory setting, he wouldn’t have a job. It was his job to pick out extremely detailed and ‘useless’ properties and functionalities of hydrocarbons and make them seem important to us. By continuing to explain and confuse us students, he was able to maintain a shroud of ignorance over the student body, and from this, he justifies his job as absolute. This is what Freire refers to as the â€Å"cycle of ignorance† that continuously allows the teacher to keep his job because society believes that the ignorant students need him for their self-betterment. For the next several weeks, I adhered to Dr. Francis’s ‘Banking Style of Education’, and it worked. I received an A on every exam and test I took because I memorized and accepted the information Dr. Francis gave me without second thought. Freire feels that my total submission to the instructor was the reason for my success because he suggests that â€Å"The more meekly the receptacles permit themselves to be filled, the better students they are†(Freire 72). Freire’s explanation worries me because to know is not to know. Just because I could recognize different functional groups, which in the banking concept would make me a better student, did not mean that I could apply my understanding of organic chemistry to a real life situation because I hadn’t been taught to apply the information to anything at all. My ignorance and inability to grasp the true meanings and concepts of organic chemistry became extremely clear in the laboratory because the lab is where students take all of their knowledge and apply it to solve a problem or set of problems. After the first quarter of the summer semester, the laboratory portion of the course opened. My first assignment was to estimate the bond angles of methane, and at first I had no idea what to do because I had only been instructed to recognize methane and its bonding patters. I was never asked to manipulate the molecule’s properties to gain further understanding, and this caused me to realize that I was flawed because the ‘knowledge’ that I acquired was not mine, but Dr. Francis’ deposits of impractical segments of knowledge. With no idea where to start my laboratory or how to assess the assignment, I asked the Teaching Assistant (TA) for help. She simply replied, â€Å"Think about what you know about methane’s properties, and manipulate your knowledge so you can measure the bond angle. Needless to say, this was not helpful because I had no idea how to apply my knowledge and understanding because I was not taught to. I was simply an object who, according to Freire, â€Å"is in the world,† implying that I was not conscious of my own being and awareness (Freire 78). This is why I allowed Dr. Francis to continue depositing information into me because he posed himself as my liberator, my educator, but he was my oppres sor. By not being able to use and apply my knowledge, my critical consciousness and inner will to understand began to diminish. This is why Freire announces, â€Å"The more students work at storing the deposits entrusted to them, the less they develop the critical consciousness which would result from their intervention in the world as transformers of that world†(Freire 73). Freire implies that students lose the will power, the motivation, to develop awareness when they are force-fed information, so he argues that students must develop this ‘critical consciousness’ themselves through problem solving. This is when I realized that Dr. Francis couldn’t and won’t teach me how to understand what I have learned; I needed to learn how to apply and master the information I was taught by myself, not some other individual. Education is supposed to empower individuals; however, since I was ‘in-the-world’ I let the banking concept oppress me and my true understanding of knowledge. I failed the first Organic Chemistry lab. I didn’t know how to solve the problems and apply my knowledge, nor did I have the willpower to, so I simply gave up. I was incredibly frustrated after the first lab, not because I couldn’t get the right answer, but because I couldn’t apply my knowledge to solve the problem. I spent the next several lectures gathering notes, expanding on them, and making sense of the information; however, I was still unable to understand the information in practical terms. My frustration grew because I felt that all my efforts studying information and memorizing its contents was wasted. How could education provide all of this knowledge that we, as students, are unable to apply? What was the point of education? At the time, I felt education was society’s largest flaw because it wasted the time and severed the creativity students put into it. Freire agrees with me because he argues, â€Å"The capability of banking education is to minimize or annul the students’ creative power†(Freire 73). This implies that Freire agrees that education is flawed because it severs student creativity; although, it does not answer why we must learn meaningless and impractical information obtained in our lives. Freire responds that not everyone will find meaning through their education; however, he believes that people should continue to pursue the parts of education that students find interesting, such as in a higher education setting (Freire 76). I knew most of the information that I obtained in chemistry was impractical for most individuals and even myself in a day-to-day scenario, but chemistry was interesting to me. It was something that I wanted to pursue and gain further understanding of because every piece of information left me wanting more. Giving up and throwing my knowledge away was not an option because I wanted and worked my entire life to make sense of what I learned in this world, and it keeps on changing and reshaping every day. As a last effort, I went to the tutoring help desk at the university to get help, so I could understand my information and knowledge and apply it to the lab. I was assigned a tutor, Kevin, and he brought me and two other students into a small concealed 10Ãâ€"10 room with a large foldup table in the middle. We all sat down and Kevin asked us what we needed help with. The other students didn’t look like they were forced to be there and kept quiet, so I took the opportunity to obtain help. I told him that â€Å"I have a hard time applying the lecture notes in the lab. † Kevin explained that my situation was very typical because the lectures and exams were based on memorization where the labs relied on the interaction between what you know and how to solve the problem. He brought out an organic chemistry book and questioned, â€Å"Why is water polar? I immediately responded that water is polar because the oxygen atom has more elections than the hydrogen atoms at any one time giving the hydrogen molecules a positive charge and the oxygen a negative charge. Kevin told me that I was right, but this occurred due to the extreme differences in electronegativity. We continued to solve problems together and critique one another on our answers, and from this he was teaching me and I was teaching him. Freire would call this interaction, â€Å"problem-solving-education† because â€Å"The teacher is no longer merely the-one-who-teaches, but one who is himself taught in dialogue with the students†(Freire 80). This implies that both teacher and student work together to solve problems, and by doing so, they gain a greater understanding of the topic. This is exactly what Kevin and I were doing because we were teaching each other and able to create a more significant understanding and meaning of chemistry that allowed me to visualize a topic and solve it logistically instead of memorizing the topic and solving it formulaically. This is why Freire belives that â€Å"the conditions under which knowledge at the level of the doxa is superseded by true knowledge, at the level of the logos†(Freire 81). Freire’s text implies that common knowledge and understanding (doxa) can be transformed into true mastery of the subject and reason (logos). Since Keven and I were taking basic information and each giving it new meaning in our problem-solving tutoring sessions, I was able to acquire a true mastery and understanding of chemistry. Working with Kevin several times a week gave me a true understanding and relation of chemistry, which allowed me to pass my lab course with an A. Overcoming the problems of the banking-concept and learning the problem-solving method changed my life forever. I took the problem-solving method that I learned with Kevin and applied it with other students, colleagues, professors, and friends, so I could continue to problem solve and gain true understanding of knowledge throughout my life. Problem-solving education continues to be vastly superior to banking-education because in addition to learning and understanding information, problem-solving-education forces individuals to retain information they acquire so they can apply for future use. Since I was able to take knowledge and apply my understanding of it, Freire would conclude this type of understanding as â€Å"being with the world†(Freire 78). Being with-the-world means that the individual is conscious of their surroundings and is able to fully interact in the world they are in. Instead of being an object or vessel, the individual is able to make conscious decisions and interpret the world as they see it. This induces self-freedom and liberation in a person because when a person learns something, they retain that information forever and no human being in the world can take that information away. It also provides a mental salvation because if the physical realm is too harsh to live in, those who have mastered problem-solving and acquired pure consciousness can escape from their physical realm into their consciousness where they have stored all of their memories, techniques, and information, and no person can get to them besides themselves.